Aikido Glossary Dictionary of Aikido TermsAikido terminology is in Japanese. It's "all Greek" to the beginner, but by time we all learn most of it. Here is a comprised dictionary of aikido terms, with short translations/explanations. Stefan Stenudd
Aaihanmi basic relation between partners: both have same foot forward (left or right), compare gyakuhanmi aihanmi katatedori wrist grip, right on right or left on left, also called kosadori, compare gyakuhanmi katatedori aiki blending/uniting one's ki with that of the partner aikibatto sword exercises, solo or pair aikibudo budo based on the aiki principle, earlier name for aikido aikido the way through the life energy to harmony/unity aikidoka one who does aikido, specifically on an advanced or professional level aikido toho Nishio sensei's iaido school Aikijinja the aikido temple in Iwama aikijo aikido jo-staff exercises aikijutsu name on the Daito ryu Martial art, also called aikijujutsu Aikikai organization and "label" for Ueshiba's aikido aikiken aikido sword exercises aikinage aiki-throw, throwing technique aiki no michi aikido (michi=do) aikiotoshi aiki-drop, throwing technique aikitaiso aikido warm-up exercises aite partner in training arigato thanks arigato gozaimasu thanks for something going on arigato gozaimashita thanks for something completed ashi leg, foot ate hit, strike atemi strike to the body awase harmonizing/blending movement ayumiashi altering steps, left and right, like normal walking
Bbatto draw the sword, also called nuki bo staff, longer than the jo bokken wooden training sword bokuto same as bokken bu war, battle, fight budo the way of war/battle, the Japanese Martial arts budoka one who does any budo, specifically on an advanced or professional level bugei battle art, old term bukiwaza weapons training bushi warrior bushido the way of the warrior
Cchikara force/strength choku direct chokutsuki direct strike with the jo chudan middle, compare jodan and gedan chudan kamae guard position with a weapon at belly height chudan tsuki strike at belly/solar plexus, with weapon or empty hand chukyusha continuing student, with a mid-level kyu grade (jämför jokyusha)
Ddaisho sword pair, the long and the short sword Daito ryu aikijutsu school dame wrong, bad dan level, black belt grade in budo dao/tao transcribation of the Chinese word for way, do deshi student do way, also michi dogi training dress, also keikogi do-in self massage tradition dojo training hall dojo cho head of a training hall doka poem about the way domo much domo arigato gozaimas thank you so much, for something going on domo arigato gozaimashita thank you so much, for something completed dori take, catch, grab dosa movement doshu way leader, head of a budo dozo please/by all means
Eempi strike with elbow eri neck, collar eridori collar grip by the neck
Ffunakogi undo, rowing exercise, also called torifune furitama exercise to still ki futaridori/futarigake two attackers
Ggamae/kamae guard, basic position gasshuku training camp, lodging together gedan low, compare jodan and chudan gedanbarai low block geiko/keiko training geri kick gi dress giri/kiri cut go five gokyo fifth teaching, pinning technique gomen nasai excuse me Gorin no sho Book of Five Rings, by Miyamoto Musashi gotai hard body, static training, compare jutai, ryutai and kinagare gyaku reverse, opposite gyakuhanmi basic relation between partners: they have opposite foot forward, compare aihanmi gyakuhanmi katatedori wrist grip, right on left or left on right, compare aihanmi katatedori gyakutsuki strike with opposing arm and leg forward, compare oitsuki
HHagakure Hiding the Leaves, classic samurai book from the 18th century hai yes hajime begin hakama traditional wide pants, used in aikido handachi half standing hanmi half body hanmi gamae angled guard position hanmi handachiwaza sitting versus standing hanshi title in kendo, from 8th dan hantai opposed happo eight directions, compare shiho hara stomach harai/barai sweep away, parry harakiri cut belly, ritual suicide, also called seppuku hassogaeshi jo-staff technique hasso gamae guard with weapon at shoulder level henkawaza, changing techniques, variations on basic techniques, also shifting from one technique to another hidari left (right: migi) hiji elbow hijidori grip on elbow hijikimeosae pinning technique, sometimes called rokkyo hiki pull hineri twist hiragana Japanese phonetic writing, compare katakana hito e mi making the body small, guard position with more of an angle than hanmi hiza knee ho method ho direction, side hombu head quarters Hombu dojo head dojo, used for Aikido's head dojo in Tokyo
Iiaito training sword, usually not sharpened ichi one ichiban first, best iie no iki will power ikkajo older term for ikkyo ikki one ki, bottoms up, toast ikkyo first teaching, pinning technique ikkyo undo exercise of the basic ikkyo movement in Japanese for the Chinese concept yin, compare yo ippon one point ipponken strike with one knuckle irimi in to the body, inwards iriminage inward throw, throwing technique Iwama Japanese town, where Osensei had a dojo and a home Iwama ryu Saito sensei's aikido style
Jjo wooden staff, 127.5 centimeters jo awase jo-staff exercises jodan high, compare chudan and gedan jodan kamae guard with weapon over head jodan tsuki strike at head jodanuke high block jodo the way of the staff jodori defense against jo-staff jokyusha advanced student, with a higher kyu grade, compare chukyusha ju ten ju soft judo the soft way, or the way to softness jujigarami/jujinage cross throw jujutsu the soft art jumbitaiso warm-up exercises, also called aikitaiso juntsuki strike with the same arm and leg forward, also called oitsuki, compare gyakutsuki jutai soft body, smooth training, compare gotai, ryutai and kinagare jutsu technique/art
Kkaeshitsuki reverse strike with jo-staff kaeshiwaza counter techniques kagami biraki Japanese New Year celebration, held January 11 kai club, association kaiso founder kaitennage rotation throw, throwing technique kaitenosae rotation pinning technique kakaedori embrace kakarigeiko attackers in line, one after the other kakudo angle kamae/gamae guard position kami divinity kamiza honorary place in a dojo, compare shomen and shinzen kampai cheers, toast kan intuition kangeiko mid-winter training kanji ideograms, the Chinese writing kanren linked, connected kanrenwaza linked techniques, one technique followed by another, compare renzokuwaza kansetsu joint (on body) karatedo the way of the empty hand, or the way through the hand to emptiness Kashima shintoryu traditional sword school kata form, pre-decided movements kata shoulder katadori shoulder grip katadori menuchi shoulder grip followed by shomenuchi katakana Japanese phonetic writing, compare hiragana katamewaza pinning techniques katana the Japanese sword, also ken, to and tachi katate one-hand technique katatedori wrist-grip katate ryotedori grip with both hands, also called morotedori Katori shintoryu traditional sword school keiko/geiko training keikogi training dress, also dogi ken sword, also katana, to and tachi kendo Japanese fencing ki spirit, life energy kiai gathered ki, usually used for shout in budo ki-aikido Tohei sensei's aikido style kihon basics kihonwaza basic training kikai tanden the ocean of ki in the body's center kime focusing kimusubi tying one's ki to that of the partner kinagare/ki no nagare streaming ki, flowing training, compare gotai, jutai and ryutai Ki no kenkyukai Tohei sensei's aikido school, also Shinshin toitsu kiri/giri cut kirikaeshi turning cut, sword exercise koan riddle in zen kobudo older budo kogeki attack kogekiho attack techniques kohai one's junior, compare sempai Kojiki religious Japanese book from the 8th century kokoro heart, will, mind, also pronounced shin kokyu breathing kokyuho breathing exercise, throwing technique kokyunage breath throw kokyu ryoku breath power kosa cross over, pass kosadori cross-over grip, same as aihanmi katatedori koshi hip koshinage hip throw kote wrist kotegaeshi reversed wrist, throwing technique kotehineri twisted wrist, sankyo kotemawashi turned wrist, nikyo kotodama/kototama spirit of words, Japanese sound mystique and cosmology ku nine ku emptiness kubi neck kubishime neck choke kuden oral tradition/teaching kumi group, set kumijo jo-staff exercises, jo against jo kumitachi sword exercises, sword against sword kumite empty handed fight kumiuchi ancient Japanese wrestling in full armor kuzushi break balance kyo principle, learning kyoshi title in kendo, 6-7 dan kyu grade before blackbelt, compare dan kyudo the way of the bow and arrow
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Mma-ai harmonious, balanced distance between training partners mae front, forward, compare ushiro maegeri straight kick mae ukemi forward fall makiwara target for hitting practice in karatedo maru circle mawashi revolving, turning mawashigeri roundhouse kick mawate turning me eye men head michi way, also do migi right (left: hidari) misogi purification, cleansing mochi hold/grip, also called dori mochikata gripping attacks mo ikkai do again mokuso meditation, also called zazen moro both morotedori grip with both hands, also called katate ryotedori mu nothing, empty mushin empty mind mudansha trainee without dan grade, compare yudansha mune chest munedori collar grip by the chest musubi tie together
Nnage throw, also used for the one doing the aikido technique, compare tori nagewaza throwing techniques naginata Japanese halberd nakaima here and now nana seven, also pronounced shichi nen the purity and unity of the mind ni two Nihon/Nippon Japan Nihongi religious Japanese book from the 8th century nikajo older name for nikyo nikyo second teaching, pinning technique nin person ninindori two attackers, also called futaridori ninja courier and spy in old Japan Nippon/Nihon Japan Nito ichiryu/Niten ichiryu School of Two Swords/Two Heavens, Musashi's sword school noto return the sword to the scabbard nuki draw the sword, also called batto nukite strike with fingertips
Oobi belt ocha tea oitsuki strike with same arm and foot forward, also called jontsuki omote front, surface, compare ura Omotokyo shintoistic society onegai shimasu please, asking for something osae press down, pinning osensei great teacher, in aikido Morihei Ueshiba otagai ni rei bow to each others otoshi drop oyowaza applied techniques, modified for efficiency
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Q
Rrei bow reigi etiquette, also called reishiki renshi title in kendo, 4-6 dan renshu training renzoku continuous renzoku uchikomi jo-staff exercise renzokuwaza consecutive techniques, a series of techniques ritsurei standing bow rokkyo sixth teaching, pinning technique, see hijikime osae roku six ryo both ryotedori gripping both wrists ryu school ryutai flowing body, fluid training, compare gotai, jutai and kinagare
Ssake rice wine samurai to serve, Japanese warrior class san three sankajo older term for sankyo sankaku triangle sankakutai triangle shape, position of the feet in hanmi sankyo third teaching, pinning technique sannindori/sanningake three attackers sanpo three directions satori enlightenment in zen saya scabbard seika no itten, the one point below the navel, the body center, also called tanden seiki life energy seiza correct sitting, sit on knees sempai one's senior, compare kohai sen no sen before the attack, countering before the strike sensei teacher sensen no sen before before the attack, a leading initiative seppuku cut belly, ritual suicide with sword, also called harakiri shi four, also pronounced yon shiai competition shiatsu massage shichi seven, also pronounced nana shidoin instructor, middle title for aikido teacher, 4-5 dan, compare fukushidoin and shihan shihan expert example, high title for aikido teacher, from 6 dan, compare fukushidoin and shidoin shiho four directions shihonage four directions throw, throwing technique shikaku square shikaku dead angle shiki courage shikko knee walking shime choke shin heart, will, mind, also pronounced kokoro shinai kendo sword of bamboo Shindo Musoryu jodo-school shinken sharp authentic Japanese sword Shinshin toitsu Tohei sensei's aikido school, Ki no kenkyukai shinto the way of the gods, Japanese religion shinzen seat of the gods, in a dojo usually a position on the wall farthest from the entrance, compare kamiza and shomen shisei posture shite the one leading, defender in aikido, also called tori or nage shizentai natural body posture sho first, beginning shodan first dan grade shodo calligraphy Shodokan Tomiki sensei's aikido school shomen front of the head shomen head place of the dojo, compare shinzen and kamiza shomen ni rei bow to head place of the dojo shomenuchi cut or blow to head shoshinsha beginner shuto hand ridge strike sode sleeve sodedori sleeve grip sodeguchidori grip on the cuff of the sleeve soto outside, outer, compare uchi sotodeshi student who lives outside the dojo, compare uchideshi sotokaiten outer rotation, compare uchikaiten sotouke block from outside, compare uchiuke suburi basic exercises with sword or staff suki opening sumi corner sumikiri sharpness of body and mind sumimasen excuse me sumo traditional Japanese wrestling suri rub, scrape sutemiwaza techniques with losing one's own balance suwariwaza seated training, also called suwate suwate seated training, also called suwariwaza
Ttachi stand tachidori defense against sword tachiwaza training standing up tai body taijutsu body techniques, unarmed techniques tai no henko body turn, also called tai no tenkan tai no tenkan body turn, also called tai no henko taisabaki body move, evasive movement in aikido taiso exercises takemusu improvised Martial art takemusu aiki improvised Martial art through the principle of aiki tameshi test tameshigiri cutting test with sword tameshiware hitting test in karatedo tanbo short staff tanden body center, compare seika no itten taninzugake several attackers tanren drill techniques tanto/tanken knife tantodori defense against knife tao/dao Chinese for do tatami mat tate stand up te hand tegatana hand sword, hand ridge in swordlike movements tekubi wrist tekubiosae pinned wrist, yonkyo tenchinage heaven-earth throw, throwing technique tenkan turn tettsui hammer strike to sword, also ken, tachi and katana tobigeri jump kick tobikoshi fall over hip, break fall tomauchi jo-staff technique tori the one who takes, defender in aikido, also called nage and shite torifune rowing exercise, also called funakogi undo tsuba sword guard tsugiashi following step, back foot following and not passing front foot tsuka sword hilt tsuki strike, with a weapon or empty hand
Uuchi inside, within, inner, compare soto uchideshi student living in the dojo, compare sotodeshi uchikaiten inner rotation, compare sotokaiten uchikata striking and hitting attack forms uchikomi hitting repeatedly uchiuke block from inside, compare sotouke ude arm udekimenage arm lock throw udenobashi extended arm, gokyo udeosae pinned arm, ikkyo uke the one receiving, attacker in aikido uke block, parry ukemi falling undo exercise ura backside, inside, reverse side, compare omote uraken backhand strike ushiro behind, backwards, compare mae ushirogeri backward kick ushiro kiriotoshi rear cutting drop, throwing technique ushiro ukemi backward fall ushirowaza attacks from behind
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Wwaki side wakizashi short sword ware break, split waza technique, skill, training method
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Yyang sunny side, heavenly, in Japanese yo, compare yin yari spear yawara old jujutsu yin shady side, earthly, in Japanese in, compare yang yo Japanese for yang yoko side, sideways, horizontal yokogeri side kick yokogiri horisontal cut yokomen side of the head yokomenuchi strike to the side of the head yoko ukemi side fall yon four, also pronounced shi yonkajo older term for yonkyo yonkyo fourth teaching, pinning technique Yoseikan Mochizuki sensei's aikido school Yoshinkan Shioda sensei's aikido school yudansha dan graded, compare mudansha
ZZaidan Hojin Aikikai Aikikai Foundation zanshin remaining spirit, continued concentration zarei sitting bow zazen sitting meditation, also called mokuso zen a form of buddhism zengo around, forward and back, front and rear zori sandals
Numbers2 ni 3 san 4 shi / yon 5 go 6 roku 7 shichi / nana 8 hachi 9 ku 10 ju 20 ni-ju 21 ni-ju-ichi 100 hyaku 1000 sen
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